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The Misbehavior of Markets: A Fractal View of Financial Turbulence Annotated Edition

4.5 out of 5 stars 1,402 ratings

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A groundbreaking mathematician presents a new model for understanding financial markets

Benoit B. Mandelbrot is world-famous for inventing fractal geometry, making mathematical sense of a fact everybody knows but that geometers from Euclid on down had never assimilated: Clouds are not round, mountains are not cones, coastlines are not smooth. To these insights we can now add another example: Markets are not the safe bet your broker may claim.

Mandelbrot, with co-author Richard L. Hudson, shows how the dominant way of thinking about the behavior of markets--a set of mathematical assumptions a century old and still learned by every MBA and financier in the world--simply does not work. He uses fractal geometry to propose a new, more accurate way of describing market behavior. From the gyrations of the Dow to the dollar-euro exchange rate, Mandlebrot shows how to understand the volatility of markets in far more accurate terms than the failed theories that have repeatedly brought the financial system to the brink of disaster. The result is no less than the foundation for a new science of finance.
 
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Editorial Reviews

Review

“The deepest and most realistic finance book ever published.”―Nassim Nicholas Taleb

About the Author

Benoit B. Mandelbrot was the inventor of fractal geometry, whose most famous example, the Mandlebrot Set, is one of the most iconic images in mathematics. He was Sterling Professor Emeritus of Mathematical Sciences at Yale University and a Fellow Emeritus at IBM's Thomas J. Watson Laboratory and the recipient of the Wolf Prize in Physics and the Japan Prize in science and technology, as well as awards from the U.S. National Academy of Sciences, the IEEE, and numerous universities in the U.S. and abroad.

His books include
Fractals: Form, Chance and Dimension, which was later expanded into the classic The Fractal Geometry of Nature, and a memoir, The Fractalist, which was published posthumously.

Richard L. Hudson was the managing editor of the Wall Street Journal's European edition for six years, and a Journal reporter and editor for twenty-five years. He is a 1978 graduate of Harvard University and a 1991 Knight Fellow of MIT. Now the CEO and editor of Science Publishing Ltd., he lives in Brussels, Belgium.

Product details

  • Publisher ‏ : ‎ Basic Books
  • Publication date ‏ : ‎ March 7, 2006
  • Edition ‏ : ‎ Annotated
  • Language ‏ : ‎ English
  • Print length ‏ : ‎ 368 pages
  • ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 0465043577
  • ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-0465043576
  • Item Weight ‏ : ‎ 1.05 pounds
  • Dimensions ‏ : ‎ 6 x 1 x 9.25 inches
  • Customer Reviews:
    4.5 out of 5 stars 1,402 ratings

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4.5 out of 5 stars
1,402 global ratings

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Customers say

Customers find the book provides deep insights into market behavior, with one noting it's an excellent introduction to fractal thinking. Moreover, the writing style is engaging, featuring entertaining analogies that make complex concepts accessible. Additionally, customers appreciate the value for money, with one mentioning the quality is good for the price, and the fractal theory receives positive feedback. However, the market accuracy aspect receives mixed reviews.

AI-generated from the text of customer reviews

78 customers mention "Insight"60 positive18 negative

Customers find the book provides deep insight into how markets actually work, with one customer noting it serves as a good introduction to fractal thinking.

"...your eyes like no other, and inject a dose of realism and humility about money and markets that otherwise might cost a lot more than this book's..." Read more

"...for which this book is intended, which I believe is aimed at the educated investor or someone without an economics or financial background, it is..." Read more

"...The current foundation of practically all financial analyses ,excepting the "safety-first"approach of Roy and Charnes and Cooper,is the mean-..." Read more

"...noteworthy features of this book are (a) its clear presentation of traditional financial theory without any equations, and (b) a systematic critique..." Read more

64 customers mention "Readability"64 positive0 negative

Customers find the book easy to read and entertaining, with one customer noting it is understandable for any intelligent reader.

"...this book was written for a general audience and was written late in mandelbrot's life, after he's had decades to polish his thoughts...." Read more

"...It contains valuable information for every investor, professional or amateur, experienced or novice...." Read more

"...All in all this is a nice easy read which will prompt further thought and study upon it's contents...." Read more

"...The book is straightforward and easy to read and absorb...." Read more

17 customers mention "Explanation"17 positive0 negative

Customers find the book's explanations intuitive and accessible, with one customer noting that it avoids mathematical formulas, making it suitable for non-mathematicians.

"...Nevertheless, it provides a foundation and introduction to new methods that many may find useful, with enough detail to begin incorporating same..." Read more

"...The book is straightforward and easy to read and absorb...." Read more

"...There are no formulae, equations, etc. in this book (you can find those on Wikipedia, if you are interested)...." Read more

"...(or that of his collaborator) is entertaining and informative without getting too technical (these details are saved for the notes)...." Read more

8 customers mention "Value for money"8 positive0 negative

Customers find the book offers good value for money, with one customer noting its quality relative to the price, while another mentions it's very hard to oversell the work.

"...Such a price is thus an optimal price since the average of a normal probability distribution is also the maximum outcome possible...." Read more

"...and so many concepts in such an elegant style that it is very hard to oversell the work...." Read more

"...It would have saved billions of their clients' money. Let's look at the Long Term Capital disaster...." Read more

"Book quality is very good for the price...." Read more

5 customers mention "Fractal theory"5 positive0 negative

Customers appreciate the book's coverage of fractal theory, with one customer noting it serves as a great introduction to the subject, while another highlights its practical application in finance.

"...It is interesting that fractals can be used in finance...." Read more

"...This book is a hit for fractals but a miss for markets. That's why I rated it two stars." Read more

"...does a great job providing a lot of information about why fractal theory is interesting and useful and it does so without using any complicated..." Read more

"...This book talks about fractal to multifractal. But it’s approach is from a slew of angles, geometry pun intended." Read more

17 customers mention "Market accuracy"10 positive7 negative

Customers have mixed opinions about the book's market accuracy, with some appreciating its realistic view of volatility, while others disagree.

"...of the book, mandelbrot does an outstanding job presenting data contradicting conventional financial theories...." Read more

"...Markets are turbulent. * Markets are very risky. * Timing matters. * Prices leap abruptly, they don't glide. *..." Read more

"...He plainly says that his theory is a new mathematical approach to securities prices, and not a mechanism by which to make money (at least not yet)...." Read more

"...whole point is that financial markets, being chaotic systems, are not predictable. Let's look at another chaotic system, the weather...." Read more

Great book. Disruptive finance
5 out of 5 stars
Great book. Disruptive finance
Book quality is very good for the price. Mandelbrot highlighs the error behind many financial models and tries to propose their owns views on the topic. 100% recommended
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Top reviews from the United States

  • Reviewed in the United States on August 21, 2011
    everything you were ever taught about finance is a lie! (or maybe not.) "the (mis)behavior of markets" is an excellent introduction to mandelbrot's unorthodox ideas on the house of modern finance. this book was written for a general audience and was written late in mandelbrot's life, after he's had decades to polish his thoughts. if you want an introductory book to read about how the stock market is possibly related to fractals, then this is the book to pick up.

    fractals are the by now familiar mathematical objects that display self-similarity when scaled larger or smaller. their progenitors are those weird constructs, such as peano's space-filling curve and the cantor set, that were introduced in the late nineteenth century and subsequently sparked a revolution in logic. all of these animals of pure mathematical fancy were designed to challenge the conventional notions of the time and forced mathematicians to revisit the foundations of their craft. indeed, this line of thought led to the strange notion of non-integer fractional dimensions.

    so what does all of this have to do with finance? the dimension of a fractal is given by a power law. a lot of economic and financial data seem to fit power laws as well. fractals are characteristically self-similar. charts of stock prices exhibit self-similarity. yada yada yada and thus, markets are governed by fractals. wait a minute. that's actually not quite logical!

    ok, so there are some speculative aspects fueling this enterprise. this is the source of most of the negative criticism mandelbrot receives for this book. in my opinion, laying out some speculative avenues of thought is not a crime. scientists should dare to dream! mandelbrot himself acknowledges that this circle of ideas is merely in its infancy. he hopes others will pursue this path of inquiry and continue his life's work. and just why would anybody pick up that banner? well, because our current understanding of finance is deeply flawed while mandelbrot offers a (very rough) potential alternative.

    in the first part of the book, mandelbrot does an outstanding job presenting data contradicting conventional financial theories. the punchline: markets are much riskier than people think. in particular, he attacks the use of the so-called "normal" probability distributions in finance. this foundational attack threatens modern portfolio theory, the capital asset pricing model, the black-scholes formula for pricing options, etc. essentially, all the major developments in finance in the second half of the twentieth century are in jeopardy. some of the creators of these theories have won nobel prizes in economics, so a lot is at stake here. (an understatement!) note that mandelbrot's arguments in part one are valid even if the fractal speculations presented afterward turn out to be unfounded.

    mandelbrot uses plain language and analogies in his exposition throughout the book. he purposefully avoided equations, but he partially makes up for it through the use of pictures. mandelbrot was a very visual thinker and it shows in this book. for example, on p.179 mandelbrot offers a diagram of what "removing the trend" means in hurst's research. stare at the picture for a little while and the meaning should become clear to anyone with an interest in math and science. similarly, mandelbrot doesn't really explain how multifractal time works since the given father-mother-child analogy is fuzzy at best. however, the "fractal market cube" diagram on p.214 explains the concept of multifractal time in one picture. anyone familiar with projections should be able to understand this diagram without any problems. this compromise approach of offering analogies for a general audience while providing supplementary mathematical content in the pictures is suitable for an introductory book aimed at a wide audience, in my opinion.

    the best feature of this book for me was the autobiographical chronicling of a sharp mathematical mind at work. mandelbrot was able to see patterns and connections between seemingly unrelated fields and then he pursued these links relentlessly over decades of time. his individuality and perseverance allowed him to carry on even when the rest of the establishment were pursuing contrary ideas. mandelbrot also doesn't hide the moments when he was in the dark or when he saw connections that turned out to be trickier than his first instinct suggested. after all, this train of thought spanned a lifetime. and amazingly, some of his greatest insights came from pure serendipity. mandelbrot received a major breakthrough from reading a paper that was pulled out of a garbage can!

    in the interest of fairness, there are some relatively minor oversights in this book. this was the only real negative i could think of and it's easily forgivable. for example, mandelbrot incorrectly states that peter lynch's stellar performance as manager of fidelity's magellan fund was most significant when the fund was small. it's actually the opposite: market impact costs become a burden when a mutual fund grows too large, making it much easier to outperform the market when a fund's assets are small, especially with lynch's trading style. in spite of this minor criticism, i found this book to be a page turner written by an obviously extraordinary thinker.

    it's always a good idea to read the masters. if you want to understand the spirit of passive investing, read jack bogle. if you want to partake in value investing, read ben graham. and if you want to know why the house of modern finance might stand on shaky foundations, read mandelbrot. read, think, then judge for yourself. lastly, if you were hoping to make a fortune from fractals, read the following quote from p.6 of the book:

    "i see a pattern in these price movements -- not a pattern, to be sure, that will make anybody rich; i agree with the orthodox economists that stock prices are probably not predictable in any useful sense of the term."
    27 people found this helpful
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  • Reviewed in the United States on September 2, 2018
    The author shows how modern financial theory underestimates risk in financial markets. Famous as "the father of fractal geometry," Mandelbrot is less well-known for his contributions to financial market theory. He is the tour de force behind Taleb's "Black Swan" writings.

    "Misbehavior" is more of an introduction to fractal finance than a textbook about how to implement Mandelbrot's ideas into trading systems. Nevertheless, it provides a foundation and introduction to new methods that many may find useful, with enough detail to begin incorporating same into quantitative models. Other works by Mandelbrot go much deeper into the "how to" side of fractal finance.

    Benoît (pronounced "ben-wah") Mandelbrot writes in a clear, conversational style. The text avoids mathematical formulas, using instead a combination of written descriptions and entertaining analogies to explain. Chapter notes in an appendix present the mathematical formulas behind his descriptions, along with further (clear, simple) explanations.

    The book divides into three parts: The Old Way, The New Way, and The Way Ahead. The first part describes the history leading up to modern finance as still taught in most business schools. It describes contributions by key figures such as Louis Bachelier, Paul Samuelson, William Sharpe, Harry Markowitz, Myron Scholes, and Fischer Black. I found this summary quite interesting, a valuable lesson history. Although we learned MPT (modern portfolio theory) in my MBA finance classes, it's background and potential shortfalls were not addressed.

    The second part steps back to examine the nature of markets (turbulent, not Gaussian), identify contradictions between observation and modern theory (extreme events way more common than predicted), and then develop a better, multi-fractal (i.e. scalable) view of finance. Here Mandelbrot excels. Illustrations ("cartoons") help get points across while entertaining analogies (e.g. "Noah, Joseph, and Market Bubbles") and a true story of engineering genius (H.E. Hurst's analysis of Nile River floods) lead to insight into market trends useful to trend-followers.

    The third part looks to the future. It summarizes the previous material in "Ten Heresies of Finance" and points the way for future research.

    Overall, I loved this book. Obviously, Nassim Nicholas Taleb did too ("...the first book in economics that spoke directly to me.") It contains valuable information for every investor, professional or amateur, experienced or novice. Rather than something for advanced-level traders, I think it is the first book for anyone interested in investing or trading. It will open your eyes like no other, and inject a dose of realism and humility about money and markets that otherwise might cost a lot more than this book's price.
    75 people found this helpful
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Top reviews from other countries

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  • Alessandro
    5.0 out of 5 stars Testo universitario
    Reviewed in Italy on October 24, 2024
    Ottimo testo
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  • Antonio Staffoni
    5.0 out of 5 stars A book every economist should read
    Reviewed in Germany on November 17, 2012
    B. Mandelbrot tears down the whole house of classic economy, showing how it stands on wrong fundaments.
    Then goes on suggesting alternative foundations. I do hope someone is working on building an alternative edifice on this basis.
    There's a prophetic passage at some point: when describing how the random variables in economic are far from memoryless, an old trader who lived through Black Friday and the Great Depression is quoted saying that once his generation will be gone, the caution they had will also disappear from Wall Street.
    This was written well before 2008.
  • Amazon Customer
    5.0 out of 5 stars Great book
    Reviewed in Canada on April 30, 2021
    Must read for analysts and advanced investors alike. Really great view of risk with a simplified use of math - much more theory than equations.
  • M. Lorenzo Warby
    5.0 out of 5 stars Fun with fractals and finance
    Reviewed in Australia on October 28, 2022
    Delightfully clearly written discussion of the mathematics of the turbulent discontinuities that characterise asset and financial markets by the man who brought us mathematical measures of “roughness” (i.e. fractals).
  • ROBIN
    5.0 out of 5 stars Surprisingly readable…
    Reviewed in the United Kingdom on March 30, 2024
    …from this eminent mathematician. A fundamental introduction to fractals for any student of Financial Analysis.